Educational Resilience of Urban Squatter Children in Kathmandu
Original Article
Journal of Education and Research, Volume 5, Issue 2, 2015, 49-68, https://doi.org/10.3126/jer.v5i0.15730
Publication date: Mar 10, 2016
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APA
In-text citation: (Rai et al., 2015)
Reference: Rai, I. M., Luitel, B. C., Gautam, S., Pant, B. P., & Gautam, S. (2015). Educational Resilience of Urban Squatter Children in Kathmandu. Journal of Education and Research, 5(2), 49-68. https://doi.org/10.3126/jer.v5i0.15730
Reference: Rai, I. M., Luitel, B. C., Gautam, S., Pant, B. P., & Gautam, S. (2015). Educational Resilience of Urban Squatter Children in Kathmandu. Journal of Education and Research, 5(2), 49-68. https://doi.org/10.3126/jer.v5i0.15730
Vancouver
In-text citation: (1), (2), (3), etc.
Reference: Rai IM, Luitel BC, Gautam S, Pant BP, Gautam S. Educational Resilience of Urban Squatter Children in Kathmandu. Journal of Education and Research. 2015;5(2):49-68. https://doi.org/10.3126/jer.v5i0.15730
Reference: Rai IM, Luitel BC, Gautam S, Pant BP, Gautam S. Educational Resilience of Urban Squatter Children in Kathmandu. Journal of Education and Research. 2015;5(2):49-68. https://doi.org/10.3126/jer.v5i0.15730
AMA
In-text citation: (1), (2), (3), etc.
Reference: Rai IM, Luitel BC, Gautam S, Pant BP, Gautam S. Educational Resilience of Urban Squatter Children in Kathmandu. Journal of Education and Research. 2015;5(2), 49-68. https://doi.org/10.3126/jer.v5i0.15730
Reference: Rai IM, Luitel BC, Gautam S, Pant BP, Gautam S. Educational Resilience of Urban Squatter Children in Kathmandu. Journal of Education and Research. 2015;5(2), 49-68. https://doi.org/10.3126/jer.v5i0.15730
Chicago
In-text citation: (Rai et al., 2015)
Reference: Rai, Indra Mani, Bal Chandra Luitel, Suresh Gautam, Binod Prasad Pant, and Santosh Gautam. "Educational Resilience of Urban Squatter Children in Kathmandu". Journal of Education and Research 2015 5 no. 2 (2015): 49-68. https://doi.org/10.3126/jer.v5i0.15730
Reference: Rai, Indra Mani, Bal Chandra Luitel, Suresh Gautam, Binod Prasad Pant, and Santosh Gautam. "Educational Resilience of Urban Squatter Children in Kathmandu". Journal of Education and Research 2015 5 no. 2 (2015): 49-68. https://doi.org/10.3126/jer.v5i0.15730
Harvard
In-text citation: (Rai et al., 2015)
Reference: Rai, I. M., Luitel, B. C., Gautam, S., Pant, B. P., and Gautam, S. (2015). Educational Resilience of Urban Squatter Children in Kathmandu. Journal of Education and Research, 5(2), pp. 49-68. https://doi.org/10.3126/jer.v5i0.15730
Reference: Rai, I. M., Luitel, B. C., Gautam, S., Pant, B. P., and Gautam, S. (2015). Educational Resilience of Urban Squatter Children in Kathmandu. Journal of Education and Research, 5(2), pp. 49-68. https://doi.org/10.3126/jer.v5i0.15730
MLA
In-text citation: (Rai et al., 2015)
Reference: Rai, Indra Mani et al. "Educational Resilience of Urban Squatter Children in Kathmandu". Journal of Education and Research, vol. 5, no. 2, 2015, pp. 49-68. https://doi.org/10.3126/jer.v5i0.15730
Reference: Rai, Indra Mani et al. "Educational Resilience of Urban Squatter Children in Kathmandu". Journal of Education and Research, vol. 5, no. 2, 2015, pp. 49-68. https://doi.org/10.3126/jer.v5i0.15730
ABSTRACT
Squatters are the illegal tenants residing in public lands as immigrants due to livelihood collapse in their origins. They have been denied of public resources and urban facilities because of their identity crisis leading to a vicious circle of poverty with impoverished livelihood creating multifaceted adversities of learning for their children. In this context, this paper, based on a cyclical mixed method research design under transformative research approach, has explored the learning adversities faced by the squatter children of Kathmandu Metropolitan city, their protective and promotive strategies to cope with adversities and life-skills as learning outcomes. Squatter children are struggling against the backdrop of exposure to unhygienic settlements with low health conditions, poverty with impoverished livelihood, and illiteracy of parents, poor homely environment, and dysfunctional families. Despite such adversities, they were able to continue school education with the support of their teachers, peers, parents and families. The research study finds stronger family and community assets of the students. These assets are helpful for building educational resilience of the squatter children.
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